NY: Knowledge definition?

NY: Knowledge definition?

• A. ∆ is aware of or practically certain his conduct will cause a certain risk
• B. ∆ desires to achieve a specific result
• C. ∆ is generally aware of the factors constituting the crime
• D. ∆ intentionally or recklessly disregards a risk

Answer: (A)

Knowledge in New York criminal law is shown when the defendant is aware that his conduct will cause a particular result, or is practically certain that it will occur. The statement that the defendant is aware of or practically certain his conduct will cause a certain risk captures that mental state: either actual awareness that the outcome will happen or near certainty that it will occur as a consequence of the conduct. This goes beyond merely desiring the result (which would be purposeful intent), and it’s not simply general awareness of the crime’s elements. It also isn’t about ignoring or recklessly disregarding a risk, which describes recklessness.

Knowledge in New York criminal law is shown when the defendant is aware that his conduct will cause a particular result, or is practically certain that it will occur. The statement that the defendant is aware of or practically certain his conduct will cause a certain risk captures that mental state: either actual awareness that the outcome will happen or near certainty that it will occur as a consequence of the conduct. This goes beyond merely desiring the result (which would be purposeful intent), and it’s not simply general awareness of the crime’s elements. It also isn’t about ignoring or recklessly disregarding a risk, which describes recklessness.